PASSIVE VOICE
Pengertian Passive Voice
Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi (sebagai receiver of action). Aksi ditindaklanjuti oleh agent lain (sebagai doer of action) yang dapat disebutkan ataupun tidak1. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, passive voice atau kalimat pasif biasanya diawali oleh awalan imbuhan ter- atau di-2.
Bentuk Passive Voice
Passive voice dibentuk dari auxiliary verb dan past participle (verb-3). Auxiliary verb yang digunakan pada passive voice dapat berupa: primary auxiliary verb “be” (is, are, am, was, were), kombinasi antara dua primary auxiliary verb (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been), atau kombinasi primary auxiliary verb dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been)1.
Rumus passive voice berbagai tenses adalah sebagai berikut1:
tense active passive
simple present tense verb-1 am/is/are + verb-3
present continuous tense am/is/are + -ing am/is/are + being + -ing
present perfect tense have/has + verb-3 have/has + been + verb-3
simple past tense verb-2 was/were + verb-3
past continuous tense was/were + -ing was/were + being + verb-3
past perfect tense had + verb-3 had + been + verb-3
simple future tense will + bare infinitive will + be + verb-3
Fungsi Passive Voice
Passive voice digunakan untuk menekankan pada hasil atau penerima aksi daripada pelaku aksi. Pelaku aksi yang dinyatakan dalam by-phrase pada passive voice biasanya tidak disebutkan. Alasannya antara lain karena pelaku aksi tidak diketahui, tidak penting atau menarik, untuk menghindari tanggungjawab, atau kalimat merupakan academic writing, khususnya berhubungan dengan science (ilmu pengetahuan)1.
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Berikut adalah beberapa contoh kalimat passive voice dan artinya13:
The lion was killed by the hunter. (Singa itu dibunuh oleh pemburu.)
The windows have been cleaned. (Jendela-jendela telah dibersihkan.)
English is spoken all over the world. (Bahasa Inggris digunakan di seluruh dunia.)
She was attacked by a dangerous dog. (Dia diserang oleh anjing yang berbahaya.)
He was given a book for his birthday. (Dia diberi buku untuk ulang tahunnya.)
The meeting was called off. (Rapat itu dibatalkan.)
He will be sent away to school. (Dia akan dikirim ke sekolah.)
You ought to be punished. (Anda seharusnya dihukum.)
1. Her first novel _____ tomorrow morning.
a. is launched
b. was launched
c. will be launched
Jawaban: C
2. She _____ to my wedding party.
a. are invited
b. have been invited
c. has been invited
Jawaban: C
3. In the 1920’s, this TV _____.
a. is manufactured
b. was manufactured
c. will be manufactured
Jawaban: B
4. Joe has taken a Mandarin course.
Passive voice is:
a. Joe has been taken a Mandarin course
b. A Mandarin course taken by Joe
c. A Mandarin course has been taken by Joe
d. Mandarin courses have taken by Joe
e. Mandarin course will be taken by Joe
Jawaban: C
5. My uncle fixed the toy yesterday.
Passive voice is:
a. My uncle was fixed the toy yesterday
b. The toy was fixed by my uncle yesterday
c. The toy was fix by my uncle yesterday
d. My uncle was being fixed the toy yesterday
e. The toy had been fixed by my uncle yesterday
Jawaban: B
6. Mommy cleans the room every day.
Passive voice is:
a. The room was clean by mommy every day
b. The room is clean by mommy every day
c. The room is cleaned by mommy every day
d. Mommy is cleaned the room every day
e. The room was being cleaned by mommy every day
Jawaban: C
Sumber:
(1) Passive Voice: Pengertian, Rumus, dan Contoh Kalimat. https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice.
(2) Passive Voice: Pengertian, Bentuk, Fungsi, dan Contoh Kalimat – detikcom. https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-5791762/passive-voice-pengertian-bentuk-fungsi-dan-contoh-kalimat.
(3) Active and passive voice | LearnEnglish – British Council. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/english-grammar-reference/active-passive-voice.